Selected topics of software technology 3 spectrumbased. An empirical study of the effects of test suite reduction on fault localization, icse 08. A collection of spectrum, or spectra plural form of spectrum, can be sourced from the testing process. Existing dynamic fault localization techniques focus on pinpointing dataaccess patterns that are subject to concurrency faults. We propose a metric, called ddu, aimed at complementing adequacy measurements by quantifying a test suites diagnosability, i. Diagnosis of embedded software using program spectra. Pdf on the accuracy of spectrumbased fault localization. Fokkema, voorzitter van het college voor promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag, 4 november 2009 om 12. Among the existing fault localization techniques, spectrumbased fault localization sbfl is one of the most widely studied techniques due to being lightweight. Pdf diagnosis of embedded software using program spectra. Automated diagnosis of errors detected during software testing can improve the efficiency of the debugging process, and can thus help to make software more reliable. We propose a metric, called ddu, aimed at complementing adequacy measurements by quantifying a testsuites diagnosability, i. Research on the spectrumbased fault localization for. Current research primarily focuses on the statement level, but there are studies.
Introduction spectrumbased software fault localization sfl 1 is a lowcost fault diagnosis approach that is used in several. Experimental evaluation of hybrid algorithm in spectrum. However, as no model of the system is taken into account, its diagnostic accuracy is inherently limited. The emphasis is on a particular technique called spectrumbased fault localization, which is wellsuited for diagnosing software systems, and which can easily be integrated with existing testing schemes. Spectrum based fault localization sbfl, which ranks code components e. Spectrum embedded solutions blends technology, creativity, and engineering to help customers to transform ideas into worldclass electronic embedded products and solutions. Software engineering, software testing, software debugging 1 introduction in recent years, spectrum based fault localization sbfl has emerged as a promising technique for fault localization. Sbfl uses the results of test cases and their corresponding code coverage information to estimate the risk of each program component e.
Spectrumbased fault localization sfl shortens the testdiagnoserepair cycle by reducing the debugging effort. Embedded controllers for cyberphysical systems are often parameterized by lookup maps representing discretizations of continuous functions on metric spac parameter optimization in control software using statistical fault localization techniques ieee conference publication. Based on the test cases of the gray correlation topsis evaluation model,tp311. The input of those approaches is the subject program with its test suite. Experimental evaluation of hybrid algorithm in spectrum based. Testing oracles are no longer mandatory x xie, we wong, ty chen, b xu 2011 11th international conference on quality software, 110, 2011.
Software faults are still a problem especially in deployed systems. Spectrumbased fault localization in software product. Spectrumbased fault localization in model transformations acm. Pdf spectrumbased fault localization shortens the test diagnoserepair cycle by. Jul 15, 2016 despite being one of the most basic tasks in software development, debugging is still performed in a mostly manual way, leading to high cost and low performance. In addition, a major method called spectrumbased fault localization utilizes the relationship between the test result of a test case, and statement hit information. Spectrum based fault localization spectrum based fault localization sbfl technique is one of the most popular approaches used in recent studies 20 23 because of its simplicity and ef.
Case studies show that our approach can effectively and efficiently localize concurrency faults. In this paper we discuss the application of a specific automated debugging technique, namely software fault localization through the analysis of program spectra. Using the siemens set benchmark, we investigate this diagnostic accuracy as. In the software development process, faulty statement in software code.
Dec 02, 2019 summary of applying spectrum based fault localization to the philips tv software stack. Realizing the opportunities in the emerging market, spectrum embedded solutions ses offers ontime, quality and customized solutions in a variety of engineering domains. Our approach exploits the cyclic nature of embedded programs and uses several adapted spectrum based methods in order to. In this paper we present a toolset for automatic fault localization, dubbed zoltar, which adopts a spectrumbased fault localization technique. Index terms software engineering, software testing, debugging, spectrum based fault localization. These experiments have convinced us that sfl scales well, and that it can be applied as a useful tool in an industrial software development. This work has been carried out as part of the trader project under the responsibility of the embedded systems. More concretely, when given a faulty program and a set of test cases in which at least one test failed, a typical spectrum based fault. Entropybased test generation for improved fault localization. An effective strategy to build up a balanced test suite. The diagnosis is a ranking of potentially faulty components block, source code line, etc. This paper presents a new approach to automatically locate faults in embedded programs given a single faulty execution trace. Boosting spectrumbased fault localization using pagerank.
We run tests on all these versions and utilize spectrumbased fault localization to correlate detected errors with concurrently executing code blocks. This thesis focuses on improving the accuracy of spectrumbased fault localization sbfl technique to locate faulty code during the software debugging process. These spectra are analyzed in the spectrumbased fault localization process based on the intuition that lines of. Popular techniques include tarantula 15 and ochiai 1. This tutorial paper gives an overview of automated diagnosis applied to software faults. Automatic fault localization has been an active area of research in the past years. Spectrum based fault localization in deployed embedded systems with. Spectrumbased fault localisation for multiagent systems. Spectrumbased fault localization sbfl uses the results of test cases and. Gzoltar is a framework for automating the testing and debugging phases of the software development lifecycle. Fault localization analysis based on deep neural network. Despite being one of the most basic tasks in software development, debugging is still performed in a mostly manual way, leading to high cost and low performance. Two eshsbased fault localization methods, set union and set intersection, are proposed in 55.
We propose a new approach to monitor a deployed embedded system with another embedded system, which acts autonomously and. Parameter optimization in control software using statistical. Introduction in software development process, fault localization is a boring and difficult task that required a lot of efforts from programmers. Abreu, r spectrumbased fault localization in embedded software. Spectrum based fault localization sbfl is a popular technique used in software debugging for the localization of bugs 3, 116. Apart from the in uence of thesimilaritycoe cientondiagnosticaccuracy,wealso study the in uence of the quality and quantity of the passfail observations used in the analysis. Fault localization in embedded software based on a single. In addition to our benchmark studies on the siemens set and space, we have also evaluated spectrum based fault localization on a largescale code in the area of embedded software in consumer electronics.
A practical evaluation of spectrumbased fault localization haslab. Abreu, r spectrum based fault localization in embedded software. Spectrumbased fault diagnosis for serviceoriented software. Spectrumbased fault localization in deployed embedded. Proceedings of the 30th international conference on software engineering, acm, 2008, 201210. Introduction software testing and debugging are the most expensive but necessary activity in software development life cycle for software quality assurance 1 and 2. Spectrumbased fault localization in model transformations. During past decades, many automated software faults diagnosis techniques including spectrum based fault localization sbfl have been proposed to improve the efficiency of software debugging activity.
Chand,a, zheng zhenge astate key laboratory of computer science, institute of software, chinese academy of sciences, beijing, china buniversity of chinese academy of sciences, beijing, china. It uses the results of test cases and their corresponding code coverage information to estimate the likelihood of each program component e. Spectrum based fault localization sfl is a statistics based technique that automatically infers a diagnosis from symptoms. Debugging arm embedded system research and implementation of abnormal,tp368. Program slicing spectrumbased software fault localization. One approach to fault localization is spectrum based fault localization which is also known as coverage based statistical fault localization cbsfl. To perform cbsfl, test cases are run through an instrumented program. Spectrum based fault localization 15, 1, 33 also known as coverage based fault localization 31 is a family of approaches to identifying the exact location of bugs in source code.
On the accuracy of spectrumbased fault localization ieee. Spectrumbased fault localization sbfl is a technique to assist on the location of program bugs. On the accuracy of spectrumbased fault localization. On the accuracy of spectrumbased fault localization ieee xplore. Spectrumbased fault localization is a statistical technique that aims at helping software developers to. Automatic software fault localization using generic. A testsuite diagnosability metric for spectrumbased. N2 current metrics for assessing the adequacy of a test suite plainly focus on the number of components be it lines, branches, paths covered by the suite, but do not explicitly check how the tests actually exercise these components and whether they provide enough information so that spectrum based fault localization techniques can perform. Spectrum based fault localization sbfl in software systems, the faulty components that need to be localized can be of any abstraction level, e. The influence of the number of test cases is of primary importance for continuous embedded processing. Statisticsbased fault localization techniques such as spectrumbased fault localization sfl use abstraction of program traces also known as program spectra to find a statistical relationship between source code locations and observed failures.
Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. The set union computes the set difference between the program spectra of a failed test and the union spectra of a set of successful tests. Quality of the observations relates to the classi cation of runs as passed or failed. A theoretical analysis on cloning the failed test cases to improve spectrum based fault localizationi long zhang a,b, lanfei yan, zhenyu zhanga,c, jian zhang, w. The main contributions of this paper are as follows. Selected topics of software technology 3 spectrumbased fault. A testsuite diagnosability metric for spectrumbased fault. We decided to call it spectrumbased fault localization sfl because it uses abstraction of program traces, coined program spectra, that were first described by harrold et al. Spectrum based fault localization in deployed embedded systems with driver interaction models. Research on program spectra of fault localization based on embedded software,tp311. Abstract fault localization methods seek to identify faulty program statements based on the information provided by the failing and passing test executions. Barinel is an algorithm which combines sfl spectrum based fault localization, and mbd model based diagnosis, which aims to rank minimalhittingsets, by their probability to explain the observations, i. Spectrumbased fault localization in embedded software tu delft.
Spectrumbased fault localization sbfl, which ranks code components e. Spectrum based fault localization in deployed embedded systems with driver interaction models springerlink. In addition, a major method called spectrum based fault localization utilizes the relationship between the test result of a test case, and statement hit information. A practical evaluation of spectrumbased fault localization request. Spectrumbased software fault localization sfl is a lowcost fault diagnosis approach that is used in several. Improving spectrumbased faultlocalization through spectra.
As a lightweight automated diagnosis technique it can easily be integrated with existing testing schemes. Spectrumbased fault localization sfl shortens the test diagnoserepair cycle by reducing the debugging effort. This paper combines program slicing with program spectrum technique, and proposes a program slicing spectrum based software fault localization psssfl technique. The emphasis is on a particular technique called spectrum based fault localization, which is wellsuited for diagnosing software systems, and which can easily be integrated with existing testing. Sbfl technique works by analyzing the code execution information spectra of pass and fail test cases, which are gathered during the software testing. Rui abreu, peter zoeteweij, rob golsteijn, and arjan j. However, as no model of the system is taken into account, its. In this paper, we propose a spectrum based fault localization technique for localizing faulty code blocks instead.
On improving the accuracy of spectrumbased fault localization. Fault localization methods seek to identify faulty program statements based on the information provided by the failing and passing test executions. In sbfl, execution profiles spectra of pass and fail test cases are analyzed with sbfl metric to rank software code according to their likeliness to be faulty. In this article we provide an overview of several such methods and discuss some of the key issues and concerns that are relevant to fault localization. In this paper, we introduce model based diagnosis and spectrum based fault localization, two stateoftheart approaches to fault diagnosis that jointly cover the. Software and its engineering software testing and debugging. In the field of sbfl, suspiciousness calculation is closely related to the number of failed and passed test cases. A practical evaluation of spectrum based fault localization r abreu, p zoeteweij, r golsteijn, ajc van gemund journal of systems and software 82 11, 17801792, 2009. Spectrumbased fault localization shortens the test diagnoserepair. A practical evaluation of spectrumbased fault localization. Sbfl utilizes the code execution profile of test case, which is commonly known as spectrum. The key difference between barinel and the fuzzy logic lies within the following equations.
However, the e ciency of spectrumbased fault localization comes at the cost of a limited diagnostic accuracy. We have implemented a tool and applied our approach on several industrial case studies. A critical evaluation of spectrumbased fault localization. At the moment, the framework is provided as a command line interface, ant task, maven plugin, and as an eclipse plugin. The spectrum is a record of the lines of code in a program which have been executed or not executed by a test case. To date, although many kinds of software fault localization methods have been proposed and have had respective achievements, they also have limitations.
In particular, for fault localization techniques based on machine learning, the models available in literatures are all shallow architecture algorithms. Tarantula 6, ample 7, jaccard 8, and heuristic iii 9 are representative algorithms in spectrum based fault localization. In this context, our experiments indicate that a particular coefficient consistently outperforms the coefficients currently used by other tools. Spectrum based methods are among the most popular ones and assist programmers by assigning suspiciousness values on program statements according to their probability of being faulty. Spectrum based fault localization shortens the test diagnoserepair cycle by reducing the debugging effort. Although spectrumbased fault localization has been shown to be effective, its diag. Automatic software fault localization using generic program. Furthermore, we also applied this technique to an industrial tv software product. A new spectrumbased fault localization with the technique of. Studies have shown that the ratio of the number of failed and passed test case. Spectrum based fault localization sbfl has been widely studied as a debugging technique to reduce time and effort in locating faulty code in software. Spectrum based fault localization sbfl is a technique to assist on the location of program bugs. In proceedings of ieeeacm international conference on automated software engineering ase 09. Spectrum based fault localization sfl is a statistics based diagnosis technique that can be effectively applied to pinpoint problematic.
Since sfl is based on discovering statistical coincidences between system failures and the activity of the different parts of a system, its diagnostic accuracy is inherently. Automated fault diagnosis is emerging as an important factor in achieving an acceptable and competitive costdependability ratio for embedded systems. A focus of existing sbfl techniques is to consider how to differentiate program source code entities i. This approach uses test coverage information to rank the statements from most suspicious to least suspicious. A theoretical analysis on cloning the failed test cases to. This step is typically realized using spectrum based fault localization sbfl. To address this problem, researchers have studied promising approaches, such as spectrum based fault localization sfl techniques, which pinpoint program elements more likely to contain faults. Testing oracles are no longer mandatory ieee conference publication. It focuses on the source code that is executed by the failed test but not by any of the successful tests. Automated fault diagnosis in embedded systems citeseerx. Current approaches to automatic software fault localization can be classified as either 1 statistics based approaches, or 2 reasoning approaches.
Research and application of test case prioritization based on regression testing,tp311. Spectrumbased fault localization sbfl is one of the most popular approaches for locating software faults, and has received much attention because of its spectrumbased fault localization. We evaluate the effectiveness of spectrum based fault localization in a set of benchmark programs. Citeseerx automatic fault diagnosis in embedded software. Spectrum based fault localisation sfl is a promising technique that does not rely on an explicit model of the system under analysis and has been shown to yield good diagnostic accuracy for software systems hofer et al. Spectrumbased fault localization in software product lines. Spectrumbased fault localization shortens the test diagnoserepair cycle by reducing the debugging effort. Tarantula 6, ample 7, jaccard 8, and heuristic iii 9 are representative algorithms in spectrumbased fault localization. Software fault localization, program debugging, software testing, execution trace, suspicious code 1. A new spectrumbased fault localization with the technique. In addition to our benchmark studies on the siemens set and space, we have also evaluated spectrumbased fault localization on a largescale code in the area of embedded software in consumer electronics. Spectrumbased fault localization for diagnosing concurrency. The general fl process 63 for traditional software fig. Spectrumbased fault localization in embedded software.